Driving force from authorities: the evolution of innovation system for biomedical industry in China

Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform.     

基于聚类分析的城市公园利用者行为特性及其管理对策——以上海市中山公园为例

城市公园是城市的重要组成部分,是调节城市生态环境的重要场所,也是城市居民休憩、娱乐和活动的重要开敞空间,因此分析城市公园设施的利用情况以及利用者的行为特性,对于城市公园的建设和管理有十分重要的意义。以上海市中山公园为例,通过对该公园利用情况的分析,了解到公园的利用者大多数为青年人和老年人,且利用者范围广,利用频率高,滞留时间也较长。同时运用数量化Ⅲ类和聚类分析方法,把城市公园利用者的行为特性分为郊游式利用型、日常利用型、临时利用型、约会利用型、幼儿同行利用型、健康注重型及非日常团体活动型7大类,分析了各类利用者行为特性的特点,为今后政府部门对公园的建设和管理提供一些新的思路。     

Does personal background influence a finance minister to cook the books? An investigation of creative accounting in Swiss cantons

This article aims to identify the factors influencing the use of creative accounting in the public sector. Its distinctive feature is that it sheds light on creative accounting when used, not to hide public deficits, but to conceal surpluses. It especially explores the impact of the finance minister’s (FM)’s background on the phenomenon. We take advantage of the quasi-experimental settings of the Swiss cantons in which the financial management act sets out the possibility of implementing certain accounting gimmicks, including mainly additional ‘depreciation’ charges. These charges, which are depreciations in name only, enable the FM to artificially inflate expenses, thus increasing the deficit or reducing the surplus. Our panel data set of the 26 cantons over the period 1980–2012 includes a new data set of creative accounting and of 116 cantonal FMs. Our results indicate that the FMs cook the books irrespective of their personal or ideological background with the exception that trained economists tend to apply creative accounting more. Additionally, stringent fiscal rules urge FMs towards more surplus-hiding accounting.     

近44年关中夏季分级雨日及降水量的变化特征

[目的]通过对关中地区夏季雨日(量)进行分级研究,更深入地了解关中夏季降水变化特征及各级雨日(量)对关中夏季降水变化的贡献大小。[方法]利用1970~2013年关中地区44个气象站逐日降水资料,采用趋势分析法,Mann-Kendall检验,t-检验和GIS技术等方法对关中夏季不同等级雨日和雨量变化特征进行分析。[结果](1)关中多年平均夏季雨日空间分布均为西多东少,西北部塬区和山区丘陵多于平原,各等级雨日和对应雨量空间分布特征及变化趋势相似。(2)近44年关中夏季总雨日、小雨日(量)和大雨日(量)均呈减少趋势,夏季降雨总量、中雨日(量)和暴雨日(量)均呈增加趋势,但线性变化趋势均不显著。其中小雨日(量)和大雨日(量)分别在1989年和1985年发生突变性减少,中雨日(量)在1978年发生突变增加。(3)单站分析表明关中夏季总雨日除咸阳大部外多数呈负趋势,夏季降雨量除渭南大部外普遍为正趋势。其中大部分站点小雨日(量)和大雨日(量)为负趋势,减少显著的站点分布在宝鸡地区;中雨日(量)和暴雨日(量)普遍为正趋势。[结论]夏季总雨量的增加主要贡献者是中雨量增加,总雨日减少主要是小雨日减少引起。从长期趋势变化看,关中夏季降水强度有增加趋势。     

我国出境旅游相关研究的特点分析

以SCI来源期刊、核心期刊和CSSCI来源期刊1992年至2016年国内发表的与出境旅游有关的共752篇期刊论文进行综合研究。首先，从时间和空间两个维度分析了我国出境旅游的发展特点，其次，归纳了我国出境旅游主要研究内容的六个方面，即出境旅游者、出境旅游市场、出境旅游消费特点、出境旅游的影响因素、出境旅游的贡献、出境旅游政策。最后，指出了我国出境旅游市场发展中存在的主要问题，提出应关注出境旅游新领域重视微观层面进行精细化研究。     

EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: EAST VS. WEST GERMANY

The case of German reunification has been subject to extensive research on earnings inequality and labour market integration. However, little is known about the development of equality of opportunity (EOp) in East and West Germany after 1990. Using German micro data, we empirically analyse how circumstances beyond the sphere of individual control relate to inequality in East and West Germany. Our results show that EOp is larger in East than in West Germany. However, despite increasing income inequality, EOp remained surprisingly constant.     

甘肃省耕地质量等别特征与空间分布研究

[目的]摸清甘肃省耕地质量空间分布地区差异,整体把握全省耕地质量状况,以期为耕地保护策略制定提供参考依据。[方法]文章基于Arc GIS 10.0软件,以2015年耕地质量等别更新评价县级数据和省级汇总数据为主,采用克里格空间插值法研究了省域范围内耕地质量的空间格局,采用对比研究法、分类统计法分析了全省、各市州及各区域的耕地质量状况。[结果](1)甘肃省存在4个中等质量耕地分布区域。自然质量等别、利用等别和经济等别下的中等质量等值区逐渐缩小:在陇南逐步向东南方向缩进,在河西走廊逐步由张掖向西北缩进,在兰州白银一带由带状区域缩小至零星区块;(2)全省耕地质量分布在8~15等,平均为13.1等,比全国耕地平均等别低3.1等;(3)各市(州)和各二级区耕地质量等别差异明显,中等地主要分布在河西走廊地区,低等地集中在陇东和陇中地区。[结论]甘肃省耕地质量等别总体偏低,基于耕地质量的耕地保护策略值得决策部门进一步关注,应持续研究耕地质量随时间的变化态势并在评价过程中考虑"土壤污染"因素。     

大数据背景下企业财务管理面临的挑战与变革

随着社会经济的快速发展,市场经济体制在不断地完善,科学技术水平也在不断地上升,这时我国进入了大数据时代。传统的财务管理模式已经无法再适应时代的发展变化,所以企业应该及时转变自身的财务管理模式,更新管理理念。论文针对大数据背景下企业财务管理面临的挑战和变革进行分析,介绍财务部门的主要作用和发展现状,并提出提高财务管理水平的具体方法和策略,希望能够为企业的发展起到一些参考作用。     

US small retail businesses’ perception of competition: Looking through a lens of fear,confidence, or cooperation

The U.S. retail industry has undergone dramatic changes, leading to the closing of brick-and-mortar retail stores on a large scale. Understanding perceived market competition among small retail businesses may help explain why certain businesses survive or fail in the altered retail environment. This study investigates small retail businesses' perceptions of competition within/outside the community, underlying reasons for their perceptions, and variations in perceptions by different business characteristics. Contrary to common expectations, we found that more than half of businesses interviewed were optimistic in the face of competition. Our data reveal two salient underlying reasons for pessimism and five for optimism. These perceptions tended to differ by operational locality (urban clusters vs. urban areas), business revenues, and innovativeness. Based on the findings, we developed propositions and a framework of small businesses' perceived competition and sustainable competitive advantage. We discussed theoretical and practical implications for small retail businesses’ sustainable growth in the challenging retail environment.     

Using segmentation to compete in the age of the sharing economy: Testing a core-periphery framework

Airbnb has emerged as a credible competitive threat to the hotel industry. Consequently, hotel brands are having to rethink the experiences they provide to customer in an increasingly competitive environment. Despite these trends in the industry, experience-related research that examines and informs these developments remains under-represented in the hospitality and tourism literature. The present study offers a systematic approach to examine the potential differences in experiential consumption in the accommodations industry. Using a multiple-group analysis approach, it examines the moderating effects of individual characteristics and situational factors on the nature and dynamics of experiential consumption in the accommodations industry. The findings of the study culminate in the core-periphery framework of the hospitality consumption experience that can provide a relevant theoretical lens for future research into the different sectors and types of experiences within the hospitality and tourism industry. The study also outlines important implications for the hotel industry’s strategic experience design initiatives, from the standpoint of product development, the segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) process, and marketing communications.